Journal article
Effects of vitamin D2-fortified bread v. supplementation with vitamin D2 or D3 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites: an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in young adult Finnish women
There is a need for food-based solutions for preventing vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D3 (D3) is mainly used in fortified food products, although the production of vitamin D2 (D2) is more cost-effective, and thus may hold opportunities. We investigated the bioavailability of D2 from UV-irradiated yeast present in bread in an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in healthy 20–37-year-old women (n 33) in Helsinki (60°N) during winter (February–April) 2014.
Four study groups were given different study products (placebo pill and regular bread=0 µg D2 or D3/d; D2 supplement and regular bread=25 µg D2/d; D3 supplement and regular bread=25 µg D3/d; and placebo pill and D2-biofortified bread=25 µg D2/d). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (S-25(OH)D2) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (S-25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured at baseline, midpoint and end point.
The mean baseline total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D=S-25(OH)D2+S-25(OH)D3) concentration was 65·1 nmol/l. In repeated-measures ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline S-25(OH)D as total/D2/D3), D2-bread did not affect total S-25(OH)D (P=0·707) or S-25(OH)D3 (P=0·490), but increased S-25(OH)D2 compared with placebo (P
Language: | English |
---|---|
Publisher: | Cambridge University Press |
Year: | 2016 |
Pages: | 1232-1239 |
ISSN: | 14752662 and 00071145 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1017/S0007114516000192 |
ORCIDs: | Jakobsen, Jette |
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 25-hydroxyvitamin D Adult Bioavailability Biological Availability Bread Calcium Cholecalciferol D2 vitamin D2 D3 vitamin D3 Dietary Supplements Ergocalciferols Female Finland Food, Fortified Humans Parathyroid Hormone Placebos S-25(OH)D serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D S-25(OH)D2 serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 S-25(OH)D3 serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 S-PTH serum parathyroid hormone Saccharomyces cerevisiae Seasons UV-irradiated yeast Ultraviolet Rays Vitamin D Vitamin D2 Vitamin D3 Young Adult