Journal article
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Phylodynamics: Genetic Variability Associated with Epidemiological Factors in Pakistan : Phylodynamics of FMD Virus in Pakistan
University of California at San Diego1
Universidad Nacional de Rosario2
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark3
Division of Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark4
Sektion for Eksotiske Virussygdomme, Division of Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark5
Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit6
One of the most challenging aspects of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control is the high genetic variability of the FMD virus (FMDV). In endemic settings such as the Indian subcontinent, this variability has resulted in the emergence of pandemic strains that have spread widely and caused devastating outbreaks in disease-free areas.
In countries trying to control and eradicate FMD using vaccination strategies, the constantly evolving and wide diversity of field FMDV strains is an obstacle for identifying vaccine strains that are successful in conferring protection against infection with field viruses. Consequently, quantitative knowledge on the factors that are associated with variability of the FMDV is prerequisite for preventing and controlling FMD in the Indian subcontinent.
A hierarchical linear model was used to assess the association between time, space, host species and the genetic variability of serotype O FMDV using viruses collected in Pakistan from 2005 to 2011. Significant (P < 0.05) amino acid and nucleotide variations were associated with spatial distance, but not with differences in host species, which is consistent with the frequent multi-species infection of this serotype O FMDV.
Results from this study will contribute to the understanding of FMDV variability and to the design of FMD control strategies in Pakistan. Viruses sequenced here also provide the earliest reported isolate from the Pan Asia IIANT-10 sublineage, which has caused several outbreaks in the Middle East and spread into Europe (Bulgaria) and Africa (Libya).
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2013 |
Pages: | 516-524 |
ISSN: | 18651682 and 18651674 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01366.x |
ORCIDs: | Belsham, Graham |
Buffalo Cattle Epidemiology Foot-and-mouth disease Genetic variation Pakistan SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Animals Antibodies, Viral Antibodies, Viral/analysis Disease Outbreaks Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology Molecular Epidemiology Molecular Sequence Data Pakistan/epidemiology RNA, Viral RNA, Viral/analysis Retrospective Studies buffalo cattle epidemiology genetic variation