Journal article
Monitoring of Farm-Level Antimicrobial Use to Guide Stewardship: Overview of Existing Systems and Analysis of Key Components and Processes
Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute1
Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail2
French Pork and Pig Institute3
Free University of Berlin4
Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini"5
Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office6
University of Zurich7
UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate8
Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines9
University of Bern10
University College Dublin11
Centre of Expertise on Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Animals12
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark13
National Veterinary Institute14
SAFOSO15
Ghent University16
Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark17
Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark18
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark19
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH20
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna21
Public Health Agency of Canada22
Group for Epidemiological Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark23
...and 13 moreThe acknowledgment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major health challenge in humans, animals and plants, has led to increased efforts to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU). To better understand factors influencing AMR and implement and evaluate stewardship measures for reducing AMU, it is important to have sufficiently detailed information on the quantity of AMU, preferably at the level of the user (farmer, veterinarian) and/or prescriber or provider (veterinarian, feed mill).
Recently, several countries have established or are developing systems for monitoring AMU in animals. The aim of this publication is to provide an overview of known systems for monitoring AMU at farm-level, with a descriptive analysis of their key components and processes. As of March 2020, 38 active farm-level AMU monitoring systems from 16 countries were identified.
These systems differ in many ways, including which data are collected, the type of analyses conducted and their respective output. At the same time, they share key components (data collection, analysis, benchmarking, and reporting), resulting in similar challenges to be faced with similar decisions to be made.
Suggestions are provided with respect to the different components and important aspects of various data types and methods are discussed. This overview should provide support for establishing or working with such a system and could lead to a better implementation of stewardship actions and a more uniform communication about and understanding of AMU data at farm-level.
Harmonization of methods and processes could lead to an improved comparability of outcomes and less confusion when interpreting results across systems. However, it is important to note that the development of systems also depends on specific local needs, resources and aims.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | Frontiers Media S.A. |
Year: | 2020 |
Pages: | 540 |
ISSN: | 22971769 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.3389/fvets.2020.00540 |
ORCIDs: | Fertner, Mette Ely , Borck Høg, Birgitte and Dalhoff Andersen, Vibe |
antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial stewardship antimicrobial use benchmarking indicator livestock monitoring overview