Three-dimensional real-time synthetic aperture imaging using a rotating phased array transducer

Current 3D real-time imaging is done either with sparse 2D arrays, or with mechanically moved phased arrays. The former results in a poor resolution and contrast due to a limited amount of elements. The latter has the disadvantage of low frame rates due to the sequential acquisition of the volume line-by-line and plane-by-plane.

This paper describes an approach which combines mechanically moved phased array with synthetic transmit aperture imaging, resulting in high volume acquisition rates without a trade-off in image quality. The scan method uses a conventional fully populated 64 element phased array, which is rotated over the volume of interest.

The data is acquired using coded signals and synthetic transmit aperture imaging. Only one group of elements transmits at a time. The delays are set such as to form a cylindrical wave. The back-scattered signal carries information not only from the plane located directly below the transducer, but also from neighboring planes.

A complete dataset for all elements for the whole rotation is acquired and stored. The volume is then focused from this complete data set in order to obtain dynamic transmit and receive focusing in all directions.