Journal article
Development of Autoimmune Overt Hypothyroidism Is Highly Associated With Live Births and Induced Abortions but Only in Premenopausal Women
Context: The 1-year postpartum period is often accompanied by increased risk for thyroid disease. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the role of reproductive risk factors in the development of autoimmune overt hypothyroidism in the years after the 1-year postpartum period. Design, Setting, and Subjects: In a population study, we included Danish women with new autoimmune overt hypothyroidism not diagnosed within the first year after a pregnancy (n = 117; median age 53.0 y) and age-andregion-matched euthyroid controls from the same population (n = 468).
Main Outcome Measures: In conditional multivariate logistic regression models, we analyzed the associations between the development of autoimmune hypothyroidism and age at menarche/menopause, years of menstruations, pregnancies, spontaneous and induced abortions, live births, and years on oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, also taking various possible confounders into account.
Results: In multivariate regression models with no event as reference, the odds ratios (ORs) for hypothyroidism [95% confidence interval (CI)] after one/two/three or more live births were 1.72 (0.56-5.32)/3.12 (1.14-8.48)/4.51 (1.65-12.3) and 1.02 (0.57-1.81)/2.70 (1.27-5.75) after one/two or more induced abortions.
Findings were valid only for women having hypothyroidism diagnosed before the age of 55 years. We found no association between disease development and other reproductive risk factors investigated. Conclusions: Previous live births and induced abortions were major risk factors for the development of autoimmune overt hypothyroidism in women aged up to 55 years.
The increased risk for hypothyroidism after giving birth extends longer than just to the 1-year postpartum period, and numbers of previous pregnancies should be taken into account when evaluating the risk of hypothyroidism in a young women.
| Language: | English |
|---|---|
| Year: | 2014 |
| Pages: | 2241-2249 |
| ISSN: | 19457197 , 0021972x , 19457170 and 00137227 |
| Types: | Journal article |
| DOI: | 10.1210/jc.2013-4474 |
12512, Pathology - Therapy 16506, Reproductive system - Pathology 17002, Endocrine - General 17018, Endocrine - Thyroid 22005, Pharmacology - Clinical pharmacology 22028, Pharmacology - Reproductive system and implantation studies 24500, Gerontology 25000, Pediatrics 34508, Immunology - Immunopathology, tissue immunology Abortion, Induced Adolescent Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Immunology Cross-Sectional Studies Denmark ENDOCRINOLOGY FEMALE RELATIVES Female Gynecology Hashimoto Disease Human Medicine, Medical Sciences Humans IODINE INTAKE Infant, Newborn Live Birth Middle Aged ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES POPULATION Pregnancy Premenopause Primates Mammalia Vertebrata Chordata Animalia (Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates) - Hominidae [86215] human common adolescent, aged, middle age, adult female Danish REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS RISK-FACTORS Risk Factors SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS THYROGLOBULIN AUTOANTIBODIES THYROID-DISEASE Young Adult autoimmune overt hypothyroidism immune system disease, endocrine disease/thyroid etiology induced abortion therapeutic and prophylactic techniques, clinical techniques menopause menstruation multivariate logistic regression model mathematical and computer techniques oral contraceptive drug contraceptive-drug postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy therapeutic and prophylactic techniques, clinical techniques postpartum period pregnancy premenopausal spontaneous abortion Abortion, Spontaneous (MeSH) reproductive system disease/female complications
