Journal article
Densification and Grain Growth during Early-stage Sintering of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95-δ in Reducing Atmosphere
Ceramic processing, Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark1
Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark2
Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark3
Electroceramics, Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark4
The present work investigates the processes of densification and grain growth of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95-δ (CGO10) during sintering in reducing atmosphere. Sintering variables were experimentally characterized and analyzed using defect chemistry and sintering constitutive laws. Based on the achieved results, the grain size-relative density trajectory, the densification rate, and the grain-growth rate were determined.
The activation energies for densification and grain growth were evaluated, and the dominant densification mechanism was clarified. For comparison, the densification behavior of CGO10 during air-sintering was also studied. Accelerated densification was found in earlystage reducing-sintering of CGO10.
This might be attributed to the oxygen vacancies generated by the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ in reducing atmosphere, which facilitates the diffusion of ions through the lattice. The densification activation energy of CGO10 in reducing-sintering was evaluated as 290±20 KJ/mol in the relative density range of 0.64 to 0.82, which was much smaller than that of air-sintering (770±40 KJ/mol).
The grain-growth activation energy of CGO10 in reducing-sintering was evaluated as 280±20 KJ/mol in the grain size range of 0.34 to 0.70 μm. The present work describes a systematic investigation of reducing-sintering behavior of CGO10, which contributes to the first known determination of the fundamental parameters associated with densification and grain growth during early-stage sintering of CGO10 in reducing atmosphere.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2010 |
Pages: | 3860-3866 |
ISSN: | 18732453 and 13596454 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.03.046 |
ORCIDs: | Chatzichristodoulou, Christodoulos , Kaiser, Andreas and Ramousse, Severine |