Journal article
Changes in intake of dairy product subgroups and risk of type 2 diabetes: modelling specified food substitutions in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
Purpose: We investigated the association between an increased intake of one dairy product subgroup at the expense of another within a 5-year period and the subsequent 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: The cohort included 39,393 adults with two measurements of diet assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) administered in 1993–1997 and 1999–2003.
Dairy products were milk (skimmed, semi-skimmed, whole fat), buttermilk, low-fat yogurt, whole-fat yogurt, cheese and butter. Type 2 diabetes cases were ascertained from the Danish National Diabetes Register. The pseudo-observation method was used to calculate risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
The data were analysed in age strata to fulfil the assumption of independent entry. Results: Among participants aged 56–59 years at completion of the follow-up FFQ, increased intake of whole-fat yogurt in place of skimmed, semi-skimmed or whole-fat milk was associated with a reduced risk (RD% [95% CI]: − 0.8% [− 1.3, − 0.2]; − 0.6% [− 1,1, − 0.1]; − 0.7 [− 1.2, − 0.1]; per 50 g/d, respectively).
Among participants aged 60–64 and 65–72, substitution of skimmed milk for semi-skimmed milk was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (0.5% [0.2, 0.7]; 0.4% [0.1, 0.7]; per 50 g/d, respectively). Similar patterns of associations were found after adjustment for potential mediators. Conclusion: Our results suggest that substitution of whole-fat yogurt for milk among those aged 56–59 decreases risk of type 2 diabetes and substitution of skimmed milk for semi-skimmed milk may increase the risk among those aged 60–64 and 65–72.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
Year: | 2021 |
Pages: | 3449-3459 |
ISSN: | 14366215 and 14366207 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00394-021-02524-0 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0003-4385-2097 , 0000-0002-8349-3028 , 0000-0002-7038-4770 , Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre , 0000-0001-6429-7921 and 0000-0003-2827-0582 |