Journal article
Lactobacillus acidophilus induces a slow but more sustained chemokine and cytokine response in naive foetal enterocytes compared to commensal Escherichia coli
Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark1
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark2
University of Copenhagen3
Division of Microbiology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark4
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark5
Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark6
The first exposure to microorganisms at mucosal surfaces is critical for immune maturation and gut health. Facultative anaerobic bacteria are the first to colonise the infant gut, and the impact of these bacteria on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) may be determinant for how the immune system subsequently tolerates gut bacteria.
RESULTS: To mirror the influence of the very first bacterial stimuli on infant IEC, we isolated IEC from mouse foetuses at gestational day 19 and from germfree neonates. IEC were stimulated with gut-derived bacteria, Gram-negative Escherichia coli Nissle and Gram-positive Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, and expression of genes important for immune regulation was measured together with cytokine production.
E. coli Nissle and L. acidophilus NCFM strongly induced chemokines and cytokines, but with different kinetics, and only E. coli Nissle induced down-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 and up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 2. The sensitivity to stimulation was similar before and after birth in germ-free IEC, although Toll-like receptor 2 expression was higher before birth than immediately after.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, IEC isolated before gut colonisation occurs at birth, are highly responsive to stimulation with gut commensals, with L. acidophilus NCFM inducing a slower, but more sustained response than E. coli Nissle. E. coli may induce intestinal tolerance through very rapid up-regulation of chemokine and cytokine genes and down-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4, while regulating also responsiveness to Gram-positive bacteria
Language: | English |
---|---|
Publisher: | BioMed Central |
Year: | 2010 |
Pages: | 2-2 |
ISSN: | 14712172 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1186/1471-2172-11-2 |
ORCIDs: | Licht, Tine Rask and Nellemann, Christine Lydia |
Animals Animals, Newborn Antigens, Bacterial Cell Culture Techniques Cells, Cultured Cytokines Enterocytes Escherichia coli Fetus Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Germ-Free Life Immune Tolerance Immunologic diseases. Allergy Intestinal Mucosa Lactobacillus acidophilus Mice RC581-607 Species Specificity Time Factors Tlr2 protein, mouse Tlr4 protein, mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Toll-Like Receptor 4