Designing P4 - Predictive, Preventive, Personalised and Participative - Healthcare Interventions for Managing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Where are we at?

This paper presents a systematic literature review aimed at assessing how well current technology-based interventions that focus on dementia and other cognitive impairments align with the principles of the P4 vision for healthcare: Predictive, Preventive, Personalised and Participative. A search of the SCOPUS database yielded 887 articles, of which 49 were ultimately selected for analysis.

Looking at whether and how each intervention implements each “P”-principle, our results suggest a partial and non-systemic embrace of the P4 vision. Reasoning on possible explanations for this state-of-the-art, we propose that our findings represent an opportunity for the engineering design community to engage with P4-based healthcare delivery models through the development of design frameworks, new indicators for assessing the success of such healthcare delivery models, as well as tools and methods.