Journal article
Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark1
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark2
Bispebjerg University Hospital3
University Hospital Herlev4
Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark5
The University of Auckland6
Copenhagen Center for Health Technology, Centers, Technical University of Denmark7
University of Copenhagen8
Research Group for Gut, Microbes and Health, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark9
Disease Data Intelligence, Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark10
Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark11
Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark12
Chalmers University of Technology13
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark14
Disease Systems Immunology, Section for Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark15
...and 5 moreObjective To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality. Design 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks.
The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed. Results 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively.
Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected.
The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.
Conclusion Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | BMJ Publishing Group |
Year: | 2019 |
Pages: | 83-93 |
ISSN: | 14683288 and 00175749 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786 |
ORCIDs: | Roager, Henrik Munch , 0000-0002-0065-8174 , 0000-0002-4999-1218 , 0000-0001-6549-0547 , 0000-0002-9585-0141 , 0000-0001-7184-5949 , 0000-0001-8509-2036 , 0000-0001-6853-3805 , 0000-0002-0994-0184 , 0000-0001-6476-9546 , 0000-0002-6024-0917 , 0000-0003-3090-269X , 0000-0001-8748-3831 , 0000-0003-1191-373X , 0000-0002-5095-0624 , 0000-0002-3321-3972 , Bahl, Martin Iain , Nielsen, Rikke Linnemann , Brix, Susanne , Holck, Jesper , Meyer, Anne S. , Frandsen, Henrik Lauritz , Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn , Gupta, Ramneek and Licht, Tine Rask |
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being colonic microflora diet immune response inflammation obesity
Adult Aged Blood Glucose Blood Glucose/metabolism Colonic microflora Cross-Over Studies Denmark Diet Energy Intake Feces Feces/microbiology Female Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Immune response Inflammation Inflammation/blood Insulin Resistance Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6/blood Lipids Lipids/blood Male Metabolomics Middle Aged Obesity Weight Loss Whole Grains