Journal article
Phosphorus in Denmark: national and regional anthropogenic flows
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark1
Residual Resource Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark2
University of Copenhagen3
Vienna University of Technology4
IT Service, Administration, Technical University of Denmark5
Substance flow analyses (SFA) of phosphorus (P) have been examined on a national or supra-national level in various recent studies. SFA studies of P on the country scale or larger can have limited informative value; large differences between P budgets exist within countries and are easily obscured by country-wide average values.
To quantify and evaluate these imbalances we integrated a country-scale and regional-scale model of the Danish anthropogenic P flows and stocks. We examine three spatial regions with regard to agriculture, as the main driver for P use, and waste management, the crucial sector for P recovery. The regions are characterised by their differences in agricultural practice, population and industrial density.
We show considerable variation in P flows within the country. First, these are driven by agriculture, with mineral fertiliser inputs varying between 3 and 5 kg ha−1 yr−1, and animal feedstuff inputs between 5 and 19 kg ha−1 yr−1. We identified surpluses especially in areas with a larger proportion of animal husbandry, owing to additional application of manure in excess of crop P demand.
However, redistribution of the large amounts of P in manure is not feasible owing to transport limitations. Second, waste management, closely linked to population and industrial density is the driver behind differences in recoverable P flows. Current amounts of potentially recoverable P cannot change the reliance on primary P.
The most immediate P re-use potential exists in the areas around the eastern urban agglomerations, from more complete recovery of sewage sludge (with unrecovered P amounts of up to 33% of P in current mineral fertiliser imports) and the biowaste fraction in municipal solid waste currently not collected separately (24% of P in current mineral fertiliser imports), since this region shows both the highest proportion of crop production and fertiliser use and lowest soil P budget.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2015 |
Pages: | 311-324 |
ISSN: | 09213449 and 18790658 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.09.019 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0003-2997-4434 , 0000-0002-1446-2084 , Klinglmair, Manfred , Astrup, Thomas Fruergaard and Scheutz, Charlotte |