Journal article
Transcranial brain stimulation: closing the loop between brain and stimulation
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss recent strategies for boosting the efficacy of noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation to improve human brain function. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent research exposed substantial intra- and inter-individual variability in response to plasticity-inducing transcranial brain stimulation.
Trait-related and state-related determinants contribute to this variability, challenging the standard approach to apply stimulation in a rigid, one-size-fits-all fashion. Several strategies have been identified to reduce variability and maximize the plasticity-inducing effects of noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation.
Priming interventions or paired associative stimulation can be used to ‘standardize’ the brain-state and hereby, homogenize the group response to stimulation. Neuroanatomical and neurochemical profiling based on magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy can capture trait-related and state-related variability.
Fluctuations in brain-states can be traced online with functional brain imaging and inform the timing or other settings of transcranial brain stimulation. State-informed open-loop stimulation is aligned to the expression of a predefined brain state, according to prespecified rules. In contrast, adaptive closed-loop stimulation dynamically adjusts stimulation settings based on the occurrence of stimulation-induced state changes.
SUMMARY: Approaches that take into account trait-related and state-related determinants of stimulation-induced plasticity bear considerable potential to establish noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation as interventional therapeutic tool.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
Year: | 2016 |
Pages: | 397-404 |
ISSN: | 14736551 and 13507540 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000342 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0003-1874-393X and Thielscher, Axel |
Brain Brain Diseases Humans Journal Article Neuronal Plasticity Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation brain plasticity brain rhythms closed-loop brain stimulation noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) open-loop brain stimulation state dependence