Journal article
Depth profiling the solid electrolyte interphase on lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) using synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy
The presence of a surface layer on lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) anodes, which has been a topic of debate in scientific literature, is here investigated with tunable high surface sensitive synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) to obtain a reliable depth profile of the interphase. Li||LTO cells with electrolytes consisting of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in ethylene carbonate:diethyl carbonate (LiPF6 in EC:DEC) were cycled in two different voltage windows of 1.0-2.0 V and 1.4-2.0 V.
LTO electrodes were characterized after 5 and 100 cycles. Also the pristine electrode as such, and an electrode soaked in the electrolyte were analyzed by varying the photon energies enabling depth profiling of the outermost surface layer. The main components of the surface layer were found to be ethers, P-O containing compounds, and lithium fluoride.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2015 |
Pages: | 173-179 |
ISSN: | 18732755 and 03787753 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.038 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0003-2538-8104 |
Depth profiling Electrodes Electrolytes Ethylene LTO Li-ion batteries Lithium Lithium compounds Lithium-ion batteries PES Photoelectron spectroscopy Photoelectrons Photons SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy SEI Solid electrolytes Surface layer Surface layers Titanium compounds X ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS