Journal article
Water-flushing toilets: Systemic development and path-dependent characteristics and their bearing on technological alternatives
In this study, I analyse the historical process that led to embedding water-flushing toilets in the Western world, then I explore innovative developments connected to alternative toilet solutions that use less water. The core argument is that path-dependent characteristics are found both at the systemic level and the level of daily practices.
Systemic development and its embedding into daily practices changed and contributed to a lock-in. Then current attempts to introduce alternative toilet solutions are analysed. I conclude by suggesting that established water-flushing routines impede the distribution of alternative toilet solutions, although some potential remains.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2007 |
Pages: | 351-360 |
ISSN: | 18793274 and 0160791x |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.05.005 |