Journal article
Dietary intake and adipose tissue content of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and subsequent 5-y change in body weight and waist circumference
Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; muj@ph.au.dk.1
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.2
Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.3
Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.4
Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals-a part of Copenhagen University Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.5
The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; and.6
Department of Cardiology and.7
Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.8
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.9
Background: Adding long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to a rodent diet reduces fat mass and prevents the development of obesity, but evidence of a similar effect in humans is rather limited.Objectives: We investigated the associations between dietary intake and adipose tissue content of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and subsequent 5-y change in body weight and waist circumference in humans.
Effect modification by the carbohydrate:protein ratio and glycemic index was also investigated.Design: A total of 29,152 participants included in the Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort were followed. Dietary intake was assessed with the use of a validated 192-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
Adipose tissue content of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography in a random sample of the cohort (n = 1660). Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and 5 y later. Associations were investigated with the use of a linear regression model.Results: For high (1.22 g/d) compared with low (0.28 g/d) total n-3 PUFA intake, the difference in 5-y weight change was 147.6 g (95% CI: -42.3, 337.5 g); P-trend = 0.088.
No associations between the individual n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were observed. Intake of n-3 PUFAs was not associated with a 5-y change in waist circumference. For high (0.16%) compared with low (0.06%) adipose tissue content of EPA, the difference in 5-y weight change was -649.6 g (95% CI: -1254.2, -44.9 g); P-trend = 0.027.
No associations between total n-3 PUFA, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid and 5-y weight change were observed. Adipose tissue content of n-3 PUFAs was not associated with 5-y change in waist circumference. No effect modification by carbohydrate:protein ratio or glycemic index was found.Conclusion: Dietary intake and adipose tissue content of long-chain n-3 PUFAs were neither consistently nor appreciably associated with change in body weight or waist circumference.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | American Society for Clinical Nutrition |
Year: | 2017 |
Pages: | 1148-1157 |
ISSN: | 19383207 and 00029165 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.3945/ajcn.116.140079 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0003-4821-430X , 0000-0002-6024-0917 , 0000-0001-6429-7921 and Jakobsen, Marianne U |
Adipose Tissue Body Weight Cohort Studies Diet Diet Surveys Dietary Fats Energy Intake Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Feeding Behavior Female Humans Journal Article Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Nutritional Status Obesity Waist Circumference adipose tissue carbohydrates cohort study dietary intake follow-up study obesity omega-3 fatty acids proteins