Journal article
Separation of Radiogallium from Zinc Using Membrane-Based Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Flow: Experimental and COSMO-RS Studies
A switch from batch to continuous manufacturing of gallium-68 (68Ga) and 68Ga-labeled pharmaceuticals can be advantageous, as it recycles isotopically-enriched zinc-68 (68Zn), removes pre- and post-irradiation target manipulations, and provides scalability via dose-on-demand production. Herein we report efficient extraction of radiogallium (66,67,68Ga = *Ga) from ZnCl2/HCl solutions in batch and in flow using a membrane-based liquid-liquid separator.
From 5.6 M ZnCl2/3 M HCl, a 1/2 (v/v) diisopropyl ether (iPr2O)/trifluorotoluene (TFT) solvent extracts 76.3 ± 1.9% of *Ga and 1.9 ± 1.6% of Zn in flow using a single pass through. From 1 M ZnCl2/6 M HCl, a 1/2 (v/v) n-butyl methyl ether (n-BuOMe)/TFT solvent extracts 95.7 ± 2.0% of *Ga and 0.005 ± 0.003% of Zn in flow.
TFT plays a key role in controlling the interfacial tension between the aqueous and the organic phases, ensuring clean membrane-based separation. The process did not extract Cu, Mn, and Co but did extract Fe. Using HGaCl4 and ZnCl2 as the extractable species, the COSMO-RS theory predicts the solvation-driven extraction of Ga and Zn with a mean unsigned error of prediction of 4.0% and 3.4% respectively.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
Year: | 2019 |
Pages: | 376-391 |
ISSN: | 15322262 and 07366299 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1080/07366299.2019.1646982 |
ORCIDs: | Pedersen, Kristina Søborg , Nielsen, Karin Michaelsen , Fonslet, Jesper , Jensen, Mikael and Zhuravlev, Fedor |