Journal article
Pollution levels of stormwater discharges and resulting environmental impacts
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark1
Urban Water Systems, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark2
Sustainability, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark3
Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Sustainability, Society and Economics, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark4
Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark5
HOFOR A/S6
Stormwater carries pollutants that potentially cause negative environmental impacts to receiving water bodies, which can be quantified using life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). We compiled a list of 20 metals, almost 300 organic compounds, and nutrients potentially present in stormwater, and measured concentrations reported in literature.
We calculated mean pollutant concentrations, which we then translated to generic impacts per litre of stormwater discharged, using existing LCIA characterisation factors. Freshwater and marine ecotoxicity impacts were found to be within the same order of magnitude (0.72, and 0.82 CTUe/l respectively), while eutrophication impacts were 3.2E-07 kgP-eq/l for freshwater and 2.0E-06 kgN-eq/l for marine waters.
Stormwater discharges potentially have a strong contribution to ecotoxicity impacts compared to other human activities, such as human water consumption and agriculture. Conversely, contribution to aquatic eutrophication impacts was modest. Metals were identified as the main contributor to ecotoxicity impacts, causing >97% of the total impacts.
This is in line with conclusions from a legal screening, where metals showed to be problematic when comparing measured concentrations against existing environmental quality standards.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2019 |
Pages: | 754-763 |
ISSN: | 18791026 and 00489697 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.388 |
ORCIDs: | Brudler, Sarah , Rygaard, Martin , Vezzaro, Luca , Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten and Hauschild, Michael Zwicky |