Journal article
Combinatorial Screening of Nanoclay-Reinforced Hydrogels: A Glimpse of the "Holy Grail" in Orthopedic Stem Cell Therapy?
Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark1
Colloids and Biological Interfaces, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark2
BioLabChip, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark3
University of the Basque Country4
Aarhus University Hospital5
Sharif University of Technology6
National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Iran7
Texas A&M University8
Despite the promise of hydrogel-based stem cell therapies in orthopedics, a significant need still exists for the development of injectable microenvironments capable of utilizing the regenerative potential of donor cells. Indeed, the quest for biomaterials that can direct stem cells into bone without the need of external factors has been the "Holy Grail" in orthopedic stem cell therapy for decades.
To address this challenge, we have utilized a combinatorial approach to screen over 63 nanoengineered hydrogels made from alginate, yaluronic acid and two-dimensional nanocla, ys. Out of these combinations, we have identified a biomaterial that these combinations, we have identified a biomaterial that can promote osteogenesis in the absence of well-established differentiation factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) or dexamethasone.
Notably, in our "hit" formulations we observed a 36-fold increase in alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity and a 11-fold increase in the formation of mineralized matrix, compared to the control hydrogel. This induced osteogenesis was further supported by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Additionally, the Montmorillonite-reinforced hydrogels exhibited high osteointegration as evident from the relatively stronger adhesion to the bone explants as compared to the control. Overall, our results demonstrate the capability of combinatorial and nanoengineered biomaterials to induce bone regeneration through osteoinduction of stem cells in a natural and differentiation-factor-free environment.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | American Chemical Society |
Year: | 2018 |
Pages: | 34924-34941 |
ISSN: | 19448252 and 19448244 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1021/acsami.8b11436 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0003-3872-2933 , 0000-0002-0284-0201 , Dolatshahi-Pirouz, Alireza , Hasany, Masoud , Taebnia, Nayere , Kadumudi, Firoz Babu , Andresen, Thomas Lars and Mehrali, Mehdi |
Bone Cyborganics Human mesenchymal stem cells Nanoclays Nanocomposite hydrogels Nanomaterials Osteoinduction Tissue engineering
Alginates BMP2 protein, human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Calcification, Physiologic Humans Hydrogels Mesenchymal Stem Cells Orthopedics Osteogenesis Tissue Engineering bone cyborganics human mesenchymal stem cells human mesenchymal stemcells nanoclays nanocomposite hydrogels nanocompositehydrogels nanomaterials osteoinduction tissue engineering tissueengineering