Asymmetric gain-saturated spectrum in fiber optical parametric amplifiers

We demonstrate experimentally and numerically an unexpected spectral asymmetry in the saturated-gain spectrum of single-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers. The interaction between higher-order four-wave mixing products and dispersive waves radiated as an effect of third-order dispersion influences the energy transfer to the signal, depending on its detuning with respect to the pump, and breaks the symmetry of the gain expected from phase-matching considerations in unsaturated amplifiers.

The asymmetry feature of the saturated spectrum is shown to particularly depend on the dispersion characteristics of the amplifier and shows local maxima for specific dispersion values.