Journal article
In vitro cytotoxicity of fungi spoiling maize silage
Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark1
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark2
Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark3
Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark4
Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark5
Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium paneum, Monascus ruber, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Byssochlamys nivea and Aspergillus fumigatus have previously been identified as major fungal contaminants of Danish maize silage. In the present study their metabolite production and in vitro cytotoxicity have been determined for fungal agar and silage extracts.
All 8 fungal species significantly affected Caco-2 cell viability in the resazurin assay, with large variations for each species and growth medium. The 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) of the major P. roqueforti metabolites roquefortine C (48μg/mL), andrastin A (>50μg/mL), mycophenolic acid (>100μg/mL) and 1-hydroxyeremophil-7(11),9(10)-dien-8-one (>280μg/mL) were high.
Fractionating of agar extracts identified PR-toxin as an important cytotoxic P. roqueforti metabolite, also detectable in maize silage. The strongly cytotoxic B. nivea and P. paneum agar extracts contained patulin above the IC50 of 0.6μg/mL, however inoculated onto maize silage B. nivea and P. paneum did not produce patulin (>371μg/kg).
Still B. nivea infected maize silage containing mycophenolic acid (∼50mg/kg), byssochlamic acid and other metabolites, was cytotoxic. In contrast hot-spots of P. roqueforti, P. paneum, M. ruber and A. fumigatus were not more cytotoxic than uninoculated silage.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2011 |
Pages: | 31-44 |
ISSN: | 18736351 and 02786915 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.007 |
ORCIDs: | Rasmussen, Rie Romme , Rasmussen, Peter Have and Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld |
Caco-2 Cells Fungi Humans Inhibitory Concentration 50 Zea mays