Journal article
Detection and genetic characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses in samples from clinically healthy animals in endemic settings : Epidemiology of FMD in Pakistan and Afghanistan
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations2
National Veterinary Laboratory3
FAO Tajikistan4
Quaid-I-Azam University5
Division of Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark6
Sektion for Eksotiske Virussygdomme, Division of Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark7
A total of 1501 oral swab samples from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan were collected from clinically healthy animals between July 2008 and August 2009 and assayed for the presence of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA. The oral swab samples from two (of four) live animal markets in Pakistan (n = 245), one (of three) live animal market in Afghanistan (n = 61) and both the live animal markets in Tajikistan (n = 120) all tested negative.
However, 2 of 129 (∼2%) samples from Gondal and 11 of 123 (9%) from Chichawatni markets in Pakistan were positive for FMDV RNA. Similarly, 12 of 81 (15%) samples from Kabul and 10 of 20 (50%) from Badakhshan in Afghanistan were found to be positive. Serotypes A and O of FMDV were identified within these samples.
Oral swab samples were also collected from dairy colonies in Harbanspura, Lahore (n = 232) and Nagori, Karachi (n = 136), but all tested negative for FMDV. In the Landhi dairy colony, Pakistan, a cohort of 179 apparently healthy animals was studied. On their arrival within the colony, thirty‐nine (22%) of these animals were found positive for FMDV RNA (serotype A was identified), while 130 (72.6%) had antibodies to FMDV non‐structural proteins.
Thus, newly introduced animals may be a significant source of the disease in the colony. Only two animals from the cohort were detected as becoming positive for FMDV RNA during a follow‐up period of 4 months; however, only 10 animals remained negative for anti‐NSP antibodies during this period.
Language: | English |
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Year: | 2012 |
Pages: | 429-440 |
ISSN: | 18651682 and 18651674 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01295.x |
ORCIDs: | Belsham, Graham |
Afghanistan Afghanistan/epidemiology Animals Buffaloes Cattle Dairying Endemic Diseases Endemic Diseases/veterinary Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology Genetic Variation Logistic Models Multivariate Analysis Pakistan Pakistan/epidemiology Phylogeny RNA, Viral RNA, Viral/isolation & purification Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Tajikistan Tajikistan/epidemiology