Journal article
Commercial biocides induce transfer of prophage Φ13 from human strains of Staphylococcus aureus to livestock CC398
University of Copenhagen1
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark2
Research Group for Gut Microbiology and Immunology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark3
Research Group for Analytical and Predictive Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark4
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark5
Bacterial Synthetic Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark6
University Clinic Tübingen7
Statens Serum Institut8
Human strains of Staphylococcus aureus commonly carry the bacteriophage ΦSa3 that encodes immune evasion factors. Recently, this prophage has been found in livestock-associated, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) CC398 strains where it may promote human colonization. Here, we have addressed if exposure to biocidal products induces phage transfer, and find that during co-culture, Φ13 from strain 8325, belonging to ΦSa3 group, is induced and transferred from a human strain to LA-MRSA CC398 when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of commercial biocides containing hydrogen peroxide.
Integration of ΦSa3 in LA-MRSA CC398 occurs at multiple positions and the integration site influences the stability of the prophage. We did not observe integration in hlb encoding β-hemolysin that contains the preferred ΦSa3 attachment site in human strains, and we demonstrate that this is due to allelic variation in CC398 strains that disrupts the phage attachment site, but not the expression of β-hemolysin.
Our results show that hydrogen peroxide present in biocidal products stimulate transfer of ΦSa3 from human to LA-MRSA CC398 strains and that in these strains prophage stability depends on the integration site. Knowledge of ΦSa3 transfer and stability between human and livestock strains may lead to new intervention measures directed at reducing human infection by LA-MRSA strains.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | Frontiers Media S.A. |
Year: | 2017 |
Pages: | 2418 |
ISSN: | 1664302x |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02418 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0002-8350-5631 , Hvitved, Annemette and Haaber, Jakob Krause |
Article Biocide LA-MRSA CC398 Microbiology Microbiology (medical) Phage transfer Prophage QR1-502 allele bacteriophage receptor benzalkonium chloride biocide coculture controlled study hemolysin hydrogen peroxide immune evasion in vitro study livestock lysogenization methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection minimum inhibitory concentration mitomycin nonhuman phage transfer polymerase chain reaction prophage virus transmission ΦSa3 ΦSa3