Journal article
Passive Sampling in Regulatory Chemical Monitoring of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in the Aquatic Environment
PO Box 59, 1790 AB Texel1
Marine Scotland Science2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 028823
Department of Environmental Engineering4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. 204605
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment6
Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349 Oslo7
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT8
Glasnevin, Dublin9
Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Wuestland 2, 22589 Hamburg10
Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde11
Federal Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Bismarckplatz 1, 14193 Berlin12
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht13
Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Gulledelle 100, B-1200 Brussels14
Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz15
Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno16
Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht17
Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Lab. Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 318
Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde19
Environment Agency, Evidence Directorate, Red Kite House, Howbery Park OX10 8BD20
...and 10 moreWe reviewed compliance monitoring requirements in the European Union, the United States, and the Oslo-Paris Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic, and evaluated if these are met by passive sampling methods for nonpolar compounds. The strengths and shortcomings of passive sampling are assessed for water, sediments, and biota.
Passive water sampling is a suitable technique for measuring concentrations of freely dissolved compounds. This method yields results that are incompatible with the EU’s quality standard definition in terms of total concentrations in water, but this definition has little scientific basis. Insufficient quality control is a present weakness of passive sampling in water.
Laboratory performance studies and the development of standardized methods are needed to improve data quality and to encourage the use of passive sampling by commercial laboratories and monitoring agencies. Successful prediction of bioaccumulation based on passive sampling is well documented for organisms at the lower trophic levels, but requires more research for higher levels.
Despite the existence of several knowledge gaps, passive sampling presently is the best available technology for chemical monitoring of nonpolar organic compounds. Key issues to be addressed by scientists and environmental managers are outlined.
| Language: | English |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | American Chemical Society |
| Year: | 2016 |
| Pages: | 3-17 |
| ISSN: | 15205851 and 0013936x |
| Types: | Journal article |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.est.5b04050 |
