Journal article
Evolutionary analysis of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan during 2002–2009
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations2
Quaid-I-Azam University3
Sektion for Eksotiske Virussygdomme, Division of Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark4
Division of Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark5
Imperial College London6
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Three different serotypes of the virus, namely O, A and Asia-1, are responsible for the outbreaks of this disease in these countries. In the present study, the nucleotide-coding sequences for the VP1 capsid protein (69 samples) or for all four capsid proteins (P1, seven representative samples) of the serotype A FMD viruses circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan were determined.
Phylogenetic analysis of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1-coding sequences from these countries collected between 2002 and 2009 revealed the presence of at least four lineages within two distinct genotypes, all belonging to the Asia topotype, within serotype A. The predominant lineage observed was A-Iran05 but three other lineages (a new one is named here A-Pak09) were also identified.
The A-Iran05 lineage is still evolving as revealed by the presence of seven distinct variants, the dominant being the A-Iran05AFG-07 and A-Iran05BAR-08 sublineages. The rate of evolution of the A-Iran05 lineage was found to be about 1.2x10–2 substitutions per nucleotide per year. This high rate of change is consistent with the rapid appearance of new variants of FMDV serotype A in the region.
The A22/Iraq FMDV vaccine is antigenically distinct from the A-Iran05BAR-08 viruses. Mapping of the amino acid changes between the capsid proteins of the A22/Iraq vaccine strain and the A-Iran05BAR-08 viruses onto the A22/Iraq capsid structure identified candidate amino acid substitutions, exposed on the virus surface, which may explain this antigenic difference.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | Society for General Microbiology |
Year: | 2011 |
Pages: | 2849-2864 |
ISSN: | 14652099 and 00221317 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1099/vir.0.035626-0 |
ORCIDs: | Belsham, Graham |
Afghanistan Amino Acid Sequence Animals Capsid Proteins Capsid Proteins/genetics Disease Outbreaks Evolution, Molecular Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/classification Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology Genome, Viral Molecular Sequence Data Pakistan Phylogeography Protein Conformation RNA, Viral RNA, Viral/chemistry Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA Serotyping Serotyping/methods