Journal article
Discovery of α-L-arabinopyranosidases from human gut microbiome expands the diversity within glycoside hydrolase family 42
Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark1
Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark2
Kyoto University3
The University of Tokyo4
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark5
Protein Glycoscience and Biotechnology, Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark6
University of Copenhagen7
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization8
Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark9
Enzymes of the glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) are widespread in bacteria of the human gut microbiome and play fundamental roles in the decomposition of both milk and plant oligosaccharides. All GH42 enzymes characterized so far have β-galactosidase activity. Here, we report the existence of a GH42 subfamily that is exclusively specific for α-L-arabinopyranoside and describe the first representative of this subfamily.
We found that this enzyme (BlArap42B) from a probiotic Bifidobacterium species cannot hydrolyze β-galactosides. However, BlArap42B effectively hydrolyzed paeonolide and ginsenoside Rb2, plant glycosides containing an aromatic aglycone conjugated to α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1,6)-β-D-glucopyranoside. Paeonolide, a natural glycoside from the roots of the plant genus Paeonia, is not hydrolyzed by classical GH42 β-galactosidases.
X-ray crystallography revealed a unique Trp345-X12-Trp358 sequence motif at the BlArap42B active site, as compared to a Phe-X12-His motif in classical GH42 β-galactosidases. This analysis also indicated that the C6 position of galactose is blocked by the aromatic side chains, hence allowing accommodation only of Arap lacking this carbon.
Automated docking of paeonolide revealed that it can fit into the BlArap42B active site. The Glcp moiety of paeonolide stacks onto the aromatic ring of the Trp252 at subsite +1 and C4-OH is hydrogen bonded with Asp249. Moreover, the aglycone stacks against Phe421 from the neighboring monomer in the BlArap42B trimer, forming a proposed subsite +2.
These results further support the notion that evolution of metabolic specialization can be tracked at the structural level in key enzymes facilitating degradation of specific glycans in an ecological niche.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
Year: | 2017 |
Pages: | 21092-21101 |
ISSN: | 10678816 , 00219258 and 1083351x |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1074/jbc.M117.792598 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0002-5135-0882 , 0000-0001-6496-5440 , Abou Hachem, Maher , 0000-0002-0083-1838 , 0000-0003-1346-6435 and Svensson, Birte |
Beta-galactosidase Bifidobacterium CAZyme Carbohydrate metabolism Crystallography Enzyme structure Glycobiology Glycoside hydrolase Microbiota
Amino Acid Substitution Bacterial Proteins Bifidobacterium animalis Carbohydrate Conformation Catalytic Domain Computational Biology Crystallography, X-Ray Disaccharides Gastrointestinal Microbiome Ginsenosides Glycoside Hydrolases Glycosides Humans Ligands Models, Molecular Molecular Docking Simulation Mutation Phylogeny Protein Conformation Protein Multimerization Recombinant Proteins Stereoisomerism Substrate Specificity beta-galactosidase bifidobacterium carbohydrate metabolism crystallography enzyme structure glycobiology glycoside hydrolase microbiota