Journal article
Replication, Pathogenesis and Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Non-Immune Pigs
Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency1
Central Veterinary Institute2
Virology, Division of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark3
Ghent University4
University of Marburg5
AFSSA Agence Francaise de Securite Sanitaire des Aliments6
Innate Immunology, Division of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark7
Division of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark8
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark9
Merial S.A.S.10
Hipra11
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia12
...and 2 moreThe declaration of the human influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1/09) raised important questions, including origin and host range [1,2]. Two of the three pandemics in the last century resulted in the spread of virus to pigs (H1N1, 1918; H3N2, 1968) with subsequent independent establishment and evolution within swine worldwide [3].
A key public and veterinary health consideration in the context of the evolving pandemic is whether the H1N1/09 virus could become established in pig populations [4]. We performed an infection and transmission study in pigs with A/California/07/09. In combination, clinical, pathological, modified influenza A matrix gene real time RT-PCR and viral genomic analyses have shown that infection results in the induction of clinical signs, viral pathogenesis restricted to the respiratory tract, infection dynamics consistent with endemic strains of influenza A in pigs, virus transmissibility between pigs and virus-host adaptation events.
Our results demonstrate that extant H1N1/09 is fully capable of becoming established in global pig populations. We also show the roles of viral receptor specificity in both transmission and tissue tropism. Remarkably, following direct inoculation of pigs with virus quasispecies differing by amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site, only virus with aspartic acid at position 225 (225D) was detected in nasal secretions of contact infected pigs.
In contrast, in lower respiratory tract samples from directly inoculated pigs, with clearly demonstrable pulmonary pathology, there was apparent selection of a virus variant with glycine (225G). These findings provide potential clues to the existence and biological significance of viral receptor-binding variants with 225D and 225G during the 1918 pandemic [5].
Language: | English |
---|---|
Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
Year: | 2010 |
Pages: | 1-9 |
ISSN: | 19326203 , 15537358 and 1553734x |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0009068 |
ORCIDs: | Heegaard, Peter M. H. and Larsen, Lars Erik |
Animals Antigens, Viral Base Sequence Chick Embryo Disease Outbreaks Hemagglutinins, Viral Humans Immunohistochemistry Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza, Human Medicine Mutation Orthomyxoviridae Infections Q R Respiratory System Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Science Sequence Analysis, DNA Swine Swine Diseases Viral Matrix Proteins Virus Replication