Journal article
Postnatal amniotic fluid intake reduces gut inflammatory responses and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates
University of Copenhagen1
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark2
Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark3
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark4
Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark5
Aarhus University6
Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark7
Preterm neonates are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Maternal milk and colostrum protects against NEC via growth promoting, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial factors. The fetal enteral diet amniotic fluid (AF), contains similar components, and we hypothesized that postnatal AF administration reduces inflammatory responses and NEC in preterm neonates.
Preterm pigs (92% gestation) were delivered by caesarean section and fed parental nutrition (2 days) followed by enteral (2 days) porcine colostrum (COLOS, n = 7), infant formula (FORM, n = 13), or AF supplied before and after introduction of formula (AF, n = 10) in experiment 1, and supplied only during the enteral feeding period in experiment 2 (FORM, n = 16; AF, n = 14).
The NEC score was reduced in both AF and COLOS pigs, relative to FORM, when AF was provided prior to full enteral feeding (9.9 and 7.7 compared with 17.3, P <0.05). There was no effect of AF when provided only during enteral feeding. AF pigs showed decreased bacterial abundance in colon and intestinal inflammation-related genes (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, NOS) were downregulated, relative to FORM pigs with NEC.
Anti-inflammatory properties of AF were supported by delayed maturation and decreased TNF-α production in murine dendritic cells, as well as increased proliferation and migration, and downregulation of IL-6 expression in intestinal cells (IEC-6, IPEC-J2). Like colostrum, AF may reduce NEC development in preterm neonates by suppressing the proinflammatory responses to enteral formula feeding and gut colonization when provided before the onset of NEC.
Language: | English |
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Publisher: | American Physiological Society |
Year: | 2013 |
Pages: | G864-75 |
ISSN: | 15221547 and 01931857 |
Types: | Journal article |
DOI: | 10.1152/ajpgi.00278.2012 |
ORCIDs: | 0000-0001-7480-6064 , 0000-0002-6125-7892 , Skovgaard, Kerstin and Boye, Mette |
Amniotic Fluid Animals Animals, Newborn Colostrum Cytokines Dendritic Cells Enteral Nutrition Enterocolitis, Necrotizing Enterocytes Female Gastroenteritis Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Intestinal Absorption Intestines Microarray Analysis Mucosal Biology Parenteral Nutrition, Total Permeability Pregnancy RNA Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Swine amniotic fluid amniotic fluid colostrum formula inflammation inflammation preterm