Quantitative review of degradation and lifetime of solid oxide cells and stacks

A comprehensive review of degradation and lifetime for solid oxide cells and stacks hasbeen conducted. Based on more than 50 parameters from 150 publications and 1 000 000hours of accumulated testing, this paper presents a quantitative analysis of the currentinternational status of degradation and lifetime in the field.

The data is used to visualizespecific trends regarding choice of materials, operating conditions and degradation rates.The average degradation rate reported is decreasing and is quickly approaching officialtargets. The database is published online for open-access and a continued updating by thecommunity is encouraged.

Furthermore, the commonly reported test parameters anddegradation indicators are discussed. The difficulty in standardizing testing due tovariations in cell and stack design, materials and intended purpose of the system isacknowledged. A standardization of reporting of long-term single-cell- and stack-tests isproposed.