Pitfalls in Acoustic Transducer Modeling for Focused Ultrasound (FUS)

When modeling therapeutic applications of FUS, the transducer is typically modelled by modeling the transducer surface geometry and imposing a pressure or velocity boundary condition (depending on the solver type). However, during experimental validation of transcranial FUS modeling, dramatic deviations between simulated and measured pressure distributions were observed that were shown to originate from transducer modeling.